Apparatus for hardening gears, gear teeth, and other articles



Feb. 6, 1940.

C. W. DERHAMMER APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22. 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet l a w m 3 am 6 hT N m m v T mwm m Feb. 6, 1940. c. w. DERHAMMER 2,189,460

APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 2 H Claudv. W; lDmrl'lcmfn'ml N V E N T O R ATTORN EYS Fe 6, 19 c. w. DERHAMMER 2,189,460

APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 3 N n H 0 8 0 1 3 N M H N Claudz w. Drhammr SNVENTQIR ATTO R NEYS e 1940- I w. DERHAMMER 2,189,460

APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 4 3 u; 0 VM H g l Claulm w. Darhafntna? INVENTOR ATTOR N EYS Feb. 6, 1940. c. w. DERHAMMER 2,189,460 APPARATUS TOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22, 1937 Q L mm 5 rm u R Y n v mm m m NL. H wk N w WN. E 0 o 0 MP W "h T A Claude. W. D uhammarI QY M M M m mm mm mm 1940- c. w. DERHAMMER 89,460

APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 6 Claude. W. Drhammr \NVENTOR vim/uw mu ATTORNEYS Fell c. w. DERHAMMER 2,189,460

APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22,7 1937 l3 Sheets-Sheet 7 Claude. W. Drhcrmmr mvsm'on MAM ATTORNEYS Feb. 6, 1940. c. w; DERHAMNLER APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 8 & NHH Q Y o H w a as \Q l I I II II o? w, m:

Claude. w. Dal-hammer- V t mvem'on flaw, WW w AT TO R N EYS 1940- c. w. DERHAMMER 2,189,460

APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 9 Clamla. w. Dzrhammmr \NVENTOR avf/fluw,

ATTOR NEYS Feb. 6, 1940. c. w. DERHAMMER APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet l0 r m y 5 mwww m R w ,m AN 0v & W m M 1 B C Feb. 1940- c. w. DERHAMMER 2,189,460

APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 11 m Clauiz w. Dazrhammwr INVENTOR Mg/m M%% ATTORNEYS Feb. 6, 1940. I c. w. DERHAMMER APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES Filed July 22, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 12 Claude. W. Darhamma I N V E NTO R /1 /W ATT Q R N EYS Feb- 1940- c. w. DERHAMMEFT 2,189,460

APPARATUS FOR HARDENING GEARS, GEAR TEETH, AND OTHER ARTICLES I Filed July 22, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 13 T6 CITY WATER SUPPLY TO OXYGEN AND ACETYLEHE TANKS 3 C1q.uda.W. Duhammu v INVENTOR M B ZZM JMZM ATTOR N EYS l meats-which my invention Patented Feb. e, 1940 UNITED STATES auasco msns'rus ron HABDENING GEARS, GEAR 'rim'rn. AND omen sn'ncms Claude W. Derhammer, East Cleveland, 0hio, assignor to The Lakeside Steel Improvement Ohio Cleveland, Ohio, a corp ration of Application is, 22, 1937, Serial No. 155,041 so Claims. (c1. zoo-4) This invention relates to an apparatus for hardening, more particularly surface hardening, gears. gear teeth, and other articles, and has for an object the provision of a. new and improved a process, and a new and improved apparatus. for

this purpose. In thedrawings accompanying vthis specification and forming a part of this application, I haveshown, for purposes of illustration, embodimay assume, and in the drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevationalview of m embodiment of the invention,

Figure 2 is an end elevational view of the apps-- ratus, illustrating one of the work-supporting pedestals shifted to one of its adjusted positions, Figure 3 is a top plan view of the apparatus, showing the work supporting pedestals longiftudinally in line, a Figure 4 is-an enlarged fragmentary view, partlyin vertical section, and partly in elevation, disclosing the torch carriage mechanism, and actuating mechanism therefor,

Figure 5 is a fragmentary, transverse, vertical 25, sectional view. corresponding substantially to the linel-lofFigure4, v Figure. 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary, vertical iectliional view of the adiustable torch carrying ea to Figure 7 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional.

view, corresponding substantially to the line |-1 -ofFigure6,

- 8 is a fragmentary, part tional, part end elevational view, of the structure shown in Figure 6, disclosing an adjusted positionthereof indottedlines, m Figure 9 is a'view similar to Figured. showing both the head, and the burner brackets, in

' sectional view through one of the torch nozzles, Figure 11 is a fragmentary, side elevational view of the torch noszle'shownin'l 'igure 1o,

draulic means employed for actuating the torch,

Figure 13 is an enlarged, vertical sectional view,

4 of a pressure reducing valve employed in connection with the invention, 1 I j' so v Figure 14 is an enlarged, vertical sectional 'view,

of a pressure regulating valve mechanism, em ploy ed in connection with the invention,

I Figure 15 is'an enlarged-view of the control valve mechanism shown in Figure 12, parts of scythe associatedstructurebeingbrokcnaway,

Figure 101s an enlarged, fragmentary. vertical sure 12 is a'diagramm'atic layout of the hy- Figure 16 is an enlarged, fragmentary, part sec- 7 tional, part elevational view, of reversing means employed in connection with the actuating mechanism, showing the same in one position,

Figure 17 is a fragmentary, part vertical sec- 6 tional, part elevational view, corresponding substantially to the line Il -J1 of Figure 16,

' Figure 18 is a view similar to Figure 16, showing the mechanism in a diiferentposition,

sectional, part elevational view, showing operating mechanism for adjusting the speed control 26 mechanism,

- Figure 24 is an enlarged, part elevational, part vertical sectional view through the work holders,

. and showing a gear in position to be treated,

in connection with a helical gear,

- Figure 26 is an enlarged, detailed, framentary, part sectional, part elevational view of indexing means employed in connection with the inven- 86 tion, the view being taken on a line corresponding substantially to the line 26-26 of Figure 25,

v Figure 27 is a part sectional, part elevational ing a beveled gear for treatment,

Figure 28 is an enlarged, fragmentary, top plan giqew of a portion of the structure shown in Figure an enlarged, part sectional, part' view, showing work hcldingmeans when support- ,elevational view, of a holding device employed in 66 connection. with the invention,

Figure .30 is a side elevational view of a different embodiment of a work holding means, 1

' Figure 31 enlarged, fragmentary, vertical sectional view of the work holding meansshown .in Figure30 and corresponding substantialiy to the line Ii-ll of Figure 36. As shown in the drawings the apparatus comprises an elongated platform it, upon which is as mounted an elongated housing 32, having side walls 33 and 34, end walls 35 and 36, and a top wall 31. As best shown in Figures 4 and 5, the top wall 31 is providedwith longitudinally extending spaced ribs 38, between which is accommodated a reciprocating carriage 39, provided with laterally extending flanges 48, over which lie plates 4|, secured to the ribs 38, the top wall 31 being centrally slotted longitudinally, as shown at 31a, for the reception of spaced ears 42 and 43 projecting therethrough, these cars accommodating a rod 44, adjustably fixed in position by a set screw 45, tapped vertically through the carriage 39, as at 46, and manipulable for adjustment by a handle 41. The rod 44, at its forward portion, is connected by a yoke 48 (Figures 4 and 20) with a rod 49 of a piston 58, reciprocably mounted in a cylinder 5| carried by a wall of the housing 32 (Figure 5), reciprocation of the piston 58 being hydraulically efiected and controlled in a manner hereinafter more fully explained.

As best shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, '7, 8, and 9, the carriage 39 at its forward end carries a supporting block 52, having a flange 53 resting on the top portion of the carriage 39, and secured in position by bolts 54. The block 52 in its forward face, is provided with an annular recess 55, and secured to the margins of the block 52 surrounding the recess 55, by bolts 56, is a bearing member 51. The bearing member 51 is provided with a bearing opening 58, through which extends a stud 59 connected in any suitable manner to an elongated supporting stand 68, the stud 59 having a shouldered portion 6| fitting the bearing opening 58 snugly, as at 62, having also a worm gear portion 63 rearwardly of the shoulder 6|, and having a reduced threaded end portion 64 for the reception of a nut 65, which is accommodated in the annular recess 55 of the block 52, a pin 66 being provided to prevent rotation of the nut 65 relative to the stud 59. Rotatably mounted in the bearing member 51 is a worm 61, provided with a square head 68, by means of which the worm 61 may be rotated, the worm 61 being disposed to mesh with the worm gear 63, so that rotation of the worm 61, in one direction or the other will result in corresponding swinging movements of the supporting stand 68 about the axis of the stud 59. On the forward face of the supporting stand 68 there is mounted a slide 69, having beveled edges fitted beneath undercut grooves 18 in the face of the stand 68, and the slide 69 is adapted to be reciprocated with reference to the stand 68 by means of a jack screw 1| which is journalled at the upper and lower ends of the stand 68, and threaded through a ing formed integral with the slide 69, rotation of the screw 1| resulting in movements of the slide 69 longitudinally along the face of the stand 68.

Projecting horizontally outwardly from the face of the slide 69, is a supporting member 12, the inner end of which is rotatably accommodated in a boss 13, and adjustably held by a set screw 14, the outer end of the member 12 having a halfround bearing for the reception of a shaft 15, held in position by a bearing cap 16 secured to the member 12, and having a slot 11 through which extends a projection 18 on the shaft 15, a set screw 19 abutting against the projection 18 and threadedly carried by a suitable bearing 88 on the member 12. The shaft 15 forms part of a bearing bracket having upstanding portions 8| at each end, and each portion 8| has fixedly secured to its end a supporting disc 82. Rotatably mounted upon each supporting disc 82 is a second disc 83, and supported on top of the disc 83 is a carrying disc 84, the latter disc being adjustably fixed to the disc 83 by a set screw 65 working in a slot formed in the disc 84. Each disc 83 is provided in its circumferential periphery with a groove for the reception of a coiled spring 86, looped around the discs 83 in figure eight formation, whereby rotation of one disc 83 effects rotation of the other disc 83 in a reverse direction, the discs 83 being urged in a predetermined direction by a coiled spring 81 having its ends connected to oppositely moving portions of the spring 86, movement of said discs 83 in said predetermined direction being limited by a pin and slot arrangement 86, this construction cooperating to position torches, hereinafter described, in proper positions.

Mounted upon each carrying disc 84, by any suitable fastening means, is one end portion of a torch 89, the torches 89 projecting outwardly from the discs 84 in converging relation, and at its end each torch 89 carries a nozzle 98 (Figures 10 and 11) which has burner jet openings 9| for burning fuel, in this case oxy-acetylene gas, supplied at the secured end of each torch by flexible hoses 92, and conducted thence through the bore 93 of each nozzle to the burner jet openings 9|. Each nozzle 98 is also provided with openings 94 through which jets of water or cooling fluid are directed, the nozzles 98 being supplied with such fluid through flexible hoses, as indicated at 95. The torches 89 are so constructed 9 that upon the forward stroke of the carriage 39, the flame travels in advance of the jets of water or cooling fluid, as will be more fully hereinafter explained. In addition to its torch 89, one of the discs 84 carries an outwardly projecting arm 950, the outer end of which carries an adjustable finger 95b adapted during some of the operations of the apparatus to contact a tooth of a gear, as in Figure 28. The arm 95a is detachably secured in position by screw bolts 950. The other disc 84 carries an arm 96, at the outer end of which is mounted a pyrometer 81 which projects into proximity to the nozzles 98, for indicating the degree of heat developed in connection with the hardening operation. The slide 69 also detachably carries an arm 98, projecting outwardly to a point in proximity to the nozzles 98 and having a finger 99 adapted to engage the teeth of a gear as in Figures 25 and 26.

Mechanism is employed for imparting controlled reciprocation to the piston 58 in the cylinder 5|, this reciprocation being transmitted to the carriage 39 through the rod 44 and ears 42 and 43. This mechanism comprises a pump I88 driven by a motor' IN, the pump I88 having an intake I82 from a suitable reservoir I83, and having an outlet I84 which discharges through a pipe I through a pressure regulating valve mechanism I86, and through a pipe I81 to the inlet duct I88 of a control valve mechanism indicated generally at I89. The valve mechanism I86 (Figure 13), may be of any suitable well known construction, and includes an adjustable spring held valve 8, adapted to be unseated by excess pressure, and to by-pass fluid through the pipe III to the reservoir I83. The valve mechanism 89 (Figures 12 and i5), is provided with a duct 2, communicating with a chamber 3 extending centrally, longitudinally, entirely through the casing of the valve mechanism 89, and the chamber II3 communicates through a duct II4 with a duct H5, and with trolled by movement of the carriage 38, the end a duct. H6, and the latterv duct communicates with a pipe II1 having a branch I I8, which at its end portion II9, discharges into the cylinder 5|, in the rear of the piston 50. Interposed in the branch pipe II8 is an adjustable'pressure regulating valve mechanism I (Figure 14), which may be of any suitable well known construction, having a crank I2I by means of which the valve may be manually manipulated to change the pressure as desired. The pipe I I1 also has a branch I22, tapped Into the branch II8, adjacent to the .discharge endportion I I 8, a one-, way valve I23 of suitable construction, and best shown in Figure 15, being interposed in the branch pipe I22 adjacent to the point where the branch I22 is tapped into the branch II 8, the valve I23 permitting fluid to travel toward the control valve mechanism I09, but preventing travel of the fluid in the opposite direction. The

duct II6 also communicates with the longitudinal chamber H3, and the. chamber II3 communicates through a duct I25, withan exhaust pipe I26 tapped into the exhaust pipe III leading to the reservoir I03. The inlet duct I08 also communicates by a duct I21 with the longitudinal chamber H3, and the chamber II3 communicatesthrough a duct I28 with a duct I29. and the latter with a duct I30, and the duct I30 with a pipe I3I, through a one-way valve I32 (Figure 15) and a pipe I33,v with the forward portion 'of the cylinder 5| at the front of the piston 50. A pipe I34 communicates at one end with the pipe I33, and with the forward portion of the cylinder 5I, and at its oppositeend communicates. with a retarding valve mechanism, indicated as an entiretyat I35. The retarding mechanism I 35 discharges into the pipe I36, leading to communication with the duct I30, which communicates with the chamber H3, and the chamber II3 through a duct I31 communicates with the,exhaust pipe I26.. The ducts leading into the chamber II3 are controlled by a reciprocatory valve member I38 provided with spaced annular grooves .I39 and I40, the groove,

I39 being adapted to establish communicating registration of the ducts II 2, H4, or the ducts I I6, I25, depending upon the position .of the valve member I38, while the groove I40 is adapted to establish, communicating registration with the ducts I21, I28 or I30, I31. When the duct II2,

groove I39 and duct II 4 are in communication,

the duct I30, groove I40 and duct I31 also are in registering communication, while the ducts II6, I25 andthe ducts I21, I28 are cut on from communication. When the ducts I21'and I28 and the ducts-H6,- I25 are in communication, the ducts vII2,- II4and I30 and I31 are closed.

' Reciprocation of the valve'member- I38 is conof the member I38 beingiconnected by a slotted connection with one end of a bell crank lever I4I, the opposite end of the bell crank lever I4I being connected by a link with a crank I42 secured to an oscillatory member I43, the upper portion of the oscillatory member. I43 at one side having a. suitably shaped notch I44 for. the reception of a control dog I45, and at the opposite side having a reversely disposed notch I46 for the reception of a control dog I41. The dog I is pivotally. mounted upon a red I 48, reciprocably mounted in a cylinder I49, the latter being secured in fixedrelation with respect to the side wall of the housing 32 by boltsv I50. The rod I48 is provided with an enlarged head I5I, and between the head I5I and-the opposite end 'of'the cylinder I 49, and surrounding the rod I48, is a relatively strong coiled spring I52. The dog I45 is provided with an angular shoulder I53, and at a higherlevel with a leterally projecting pin I54. The head I55 of the dog I45 is also provided with/a laterally pro jecting pin 156, while the nose I51 of the dog I45 is shaped to enter the notch I44 at one side of the oscillating member I43. The dog I45 is normally urged in a counterclockwise direction by a relatively light spring I58 which is overcome when the nose I51 of the dog I45 is urged toward engagement with the notch I44, the spring I58, however, serving to hold the dog slightly elevated, as shown in Figure 18, when the dog I45 is disengaged from the oscillatory member I43. The dog I41 is oppositely disposed with reference to the dog I45, andis laterally out of line with said dog, so as to be in line with the notch I46 at the opposite side of the oscillating member I43. The dog I41 is pivotally connected to a rod I59, as at I60, and the rod I59 is accommodatedin a cylinder I6I similar to the cylinder I49," and the rod is normally retracted by a spring I62 similar to the spring I52. The dog I41 has a shoulder I63, an upper laterallyprojecting pin I64 and a lower laterally projectingpin I65 similar to the shoulder I53, pin I54, and pin I56 of the dog I45. A light "spring I65a, similar to the spring I58, is em-v ployed to hold the'dog I 41 up when disengaged. The nose I66 of the dog I41 is shaped so that the same when engaged with the notch I46, will rock the oscillating member I43 in a'reverse direction when the dog I45 has been disengaged.

Means are provided for controlling the positions of the-dogs I45 and I41.' Referring to Figure 18 the'carriage 38 isprovided with a longitudinally adjustable pick-up shoulder I61, arranged in line with the shoulder I53 of the dog I45, and upon movement of the carriage 39 to the right, as viewedin Figure 18, the shoulder I61 will engage the shoulder I53 and draw the dog I45 outwardly against the'pressure exerted by the spring I52. The carriage 39 is also provided with a cam shoe I68 adapted to travel in advance of the shoulder I61 and to ride beneath the pin I64 of the dog I41 so as to lift the dog I41 out of engagement with the notch I46, the pin I56 of the dog I45 simultaneously engaging the cam surface I69 of a bracket I 10 secured at one side of the dog I41 so as to force the nose of the dog I45 into the notch I44, the nose I66 of the dog I41, meanwhile having been retracted from the notch I46. The dog I45, under theinfluence of the spring I52 will rock the oscillating member I43 in a.counterclockwise direction, and reverse the position of the control valve member I38, as shown in Figure 16. The carriage 39 isalso provided with a longitudinally adjustable pick-up shoulder HI, and a camshoe I12 for disengaging the dog I 45 upon reverse travel of the carriage 39, and the dog I41 is cammed into engagement with the notch I46 through coaction of the pin I65 of the dog I41 with the cam surface I13, and the dog I45 having been disengaged, and thedog I41 re-engaged, the oscillating member I43 will be returned to the position shown in Figure 18.

rapid reverse, or backward movement thereof, the valve mechanism I88 is employed. This mechanism is interposed in the pipes I84, I88 forming the exhaust provision for the forward 8 portion of the cylinder 8|, as best shown in Figure 12, and comprises (Figures 20 and 21), a casing having one nipple I14 communicating with the pipe I84, and an opposite nipple I18, communicating with the pipe I88, the bores of the 18 nipples I14 and I18 being oflset, and communicating with an intersecting chamber I18. In the chamber I18 there is mounted a reciprocatory plunger I11 having a beveled valve face I18, which controls communication of the bores of 18 the nipples I14 and I15 with each other, the plunger I11 normally being urged through the medium of a coiled spring I18 in a direction to open communication between the nipples I14 and I18. The end of the plunger I 11, exteriorly of U the valve casing, carries a roller I88, which is engaged by a short arm "I of a bell crank lever lI82, the lever being pivoted adjacent its elbow, as at I88, upon a slide I84 adjustably supported for sliding movement in a support I88, the slide 35 I84 being adjustable through the medium oi a jack screw I 88, which has a beveled gear I81 thereon, meshing with abeveled gear I88, mounted upon a shaft I88, the outer end of which carries a crank handle I88. Operation of the a crank handle I88 effects raising or lowering of the slide I84 and changes the effective movement of the short arm I8I of the lever and thus determines the position of the plunger I11. The long arm I8I of the lever I82 is disposed in line with a roller I82 carried by an extension on the yoke 48 which moves with the piston 88, and the roller I82 controls the position of the lever I82 as hereinafter explained.

As best shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 24, 25, and 27, means are provided for presenting various types of work in position to be operated upon by the torches 88. These means preferably comprise a main work supporting means I 88, including a hollow pedestal I84, provided at its bottom with 48 laterally projecting flanges I88, slidably supported upon track members I 88, and held in position by overlying plates I81, being thus mounted for sliding movements at right angles to the direction of movement of the torches 88. The track 88 members I88 are supported upon channel beams I88, suitably secured in position and providing a hollow support into which extends a relatively long rack I88 fixed to the bottom of the pedestal I 84, the rack I88 having meshed therewith a ll pinion 288, suitably carried by the channel beams,

and rotation of which eflects sliding travel of the pedestal I84. As best shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 24, and 27, the upper end of the pedestal I84 carries a bifurcated head, between the furcations 28I so of which is pivotally mounted a chuck support 282, upon one trunnion 288 of which is mounted a worm wheel 284, with which meshes a worm 288, operable by a crank 288, to tilt the chuck support 282 when desired, as shown in Figure 27. .The

88 chuck support 282 is in the form of a hollow cylinder 281, in the opposite ends of which are mounted ball bearing race members 288 for accommodating bearings 288 which cooperate with hearing races 2I8 secured to a shaft 2I I, the outer end of 70 which carries the chuck proper, indicated at 2I2,

the chuck having the usual type of radially adjustable jaws 2| 8, adapted to be adjusted by rotation or the adjusting stem 2. Secured to an extension 2I8 or the trunnion 288, so as to rotate u therewith, is an elongated support 2I8, having an adjustable connection 2" between its ends, and

at its outer extremity provided with an angular arm 2I8 which carries a cylinder 2I8 in which is reciprocably mounted a rod 228. The rod 228 has a collar 22I thereon adjacent one end of the I cylinder 218 and a coiled spring 222 surrounds the rod and is interposed between the collar 22I and the opposite end of the cylinder 2I8, the rod 228. exteriorly of the cylinder 2I8 having a conical head 228 adapted to extend between the teeth of a gear, while the qiposite end of the rod 228 has an abutment 224. Pivotally attached to the abutment 224 is a link 228, having its opposite end pivotally attached to the mid-portion of a lever 228, one end portion of the lever 228 being ll pivotally secured to the forward portion of the cylinder, while the opposite end projects to form a handle portion 221 by means of which the lever may be operated, the construction providing in effect a toggle arrangement for retraction or projection of the conical head 228. The pedestal I 84 is also-provided at one side with a cradle 228, adapted in certain operations to cooperate with a similar cradle 228 carried by the side wall of the housing 82.

An auxiliary work holder 288 is also provided (Figures 3 and 24) and is stationarily mounted at one side of the housing 82, and longitudinally in line with the pedestal I84 when the latter is substantially at the extreme and of its transverse movement as shown in Figure 3. The work holder 288 comprises a pedestal rigidly secured to channel beams 28I, and at its upper end carries a platform upon which is mounted a relatively long slide 282, held in position by plates 288. The under surface 01' the slide 282 is provided with a rack 284 with which meshes a pinion 288, manipulable by a crank 288, to advance or retract the slide 282. At its forward end the slide 282 carries a chuck support 281 having spaced bearing races 288, accommodating balls 288, ccoperating with race bearings 248, iixed to a shaft 2, the forward end of which carries the chuck proper 242. The chuck itself may be c! any suitable construction, having the usual radially adjustable jaws 248, adjustable through manipulation of a control stem 244.

The operation of the means which control movement of the reciprocating carriage 88, and of the torches 88 is as follows: assuming the control valve mechanism I88 to be in' the full line position shown in Figures 12 and 18, and the control valve actuating mechanism to be in the position shown in Figure 18, the fluid from the pump I88 will enter the inlet duct I88, pass through the duct II2, through the groove I88 in the valve member I88, into the duct II4, duct III, duct I I8, through the pipe II1, pipe I I8, the valve I28, pipe II8, to the rear end of the cylinder II'. and behind. the piston 88, urging the piston 88 in a forward direction, passage of the fluid through the pipe I22 being checked by the oneway valve I28. As the piston 88 and the carriage 88 move forwardly, fluid previously introduced into the cylinder II in'iront of the piston 88 Q will be forced out of the cylinder, and the pipe I88 being blocked by the one-way valve I82 will travel through the pipe I84 to the retarding mechanism I88, through the latter, and the pipes I88 and I8I to the duct I88, and finding iree passage through the groove I48 in the valve member I88, will pass through the duct I81, through the pipe I28 to the reservoir I88 via the pipe III. In passing through the retarding mechanism I88 the fluid enters the nipple I14, passes into the chamber I18, thence past the beveled valve face I18, and into the nipple I15, passing thence through the pipe I38, the position of the beveled valve face I18 with reference to the entrance to the nipple I15, controlling the speed with which the liquid is exhausted from the forward portion of thecylinder 5I. The position of the plunger I11 is controlled by. the position of the short arm I8I of the bell'crank lever I82 which engages the roller I80 carried by the plunger I11; if the slide I84 is elevated the short arm I8I of the lever I82 has a greater throw, and of course presses'the plunger I11 inwardly not only at a greater speed, but a greater distance. Adjustment of the vertical position of the lever I82 is controlled by the crank handle I90, which is adapted to rotate the beveled gear I88, causing rotation of the jack screw I88, and reciprocation of the slide I84, as will be understood. To retard the speed of movement of the. piston rod 49,

the slide I84 may be adjusted so that the arm I9I inclines upwardly with respect to the horizontal, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 4. Then, as the yoke 48 moves forward with the piston rod 49, the roller I92 travels along the lever I82 and gradually depresses the same, to gradually move the plunger I11 to the left as viewed in Figure 20, and thus gradually reduce the opening through which the exhaust fluid must pass, and of course progressively'slowing down the forward travel of the piston 50, and of the carriage 39. Of course, if desired, the lever mechanism I82 may be positioned, as shown in full lines in Figure 4, so that the reverse action just described may take place, that is, the plunger I11 may move in the reverse direction and gradually open the opening through which the exhaust fluid must pass, and hence progressively increase speed as the forward stroke continues. It will be appreciated that the arm I9I may be positioned so that it is not moved by traversing movement of the roller I92,whereby the particular setting of the valve I35 is not changed during movement of the yoke 48. Adjacent the end of the forward stroke of the carriage 39 the shoulder I81 thereon engages the shoulder I53 of the dog I45 and carries the dog forwardly against the action of the spring I52. The cam shoe I88 traveling in advance of the shoulder I81 engages the pin I84 to lift the dog I41 out of the notch I48, and synchronously the pin I58 of the dog I45 engaging the cam surface I88 cams the dog I45 into engagement with the notch I44, whereupon the dog I45 reverses the position of the oscillating member I 43, and of the control valve member I38, so that the ducts H2 and H4 are closed, and the ducts H6 and I25 opened, to permit unimpeded exhaust from the, rear of the piston 50 through the one-way valve I23, pipe I22, pipe II1, duct II8, groove I39, duct I25, and exhaust pipe I28. Simultaneous with this operation the ducts I 21 and I28 are placed into communication with the groove I40 in the control valve I39, and communication through the ducts I30 and I31 is closed, whereupon fluid travels through the pipe I3I, one-way valve I32, pipe I33, to the cylinder forwardly of the piston 50 to effect its rearward stroke and a rearward limit of the rearward movement of the carriage 39 the shoulder I1I engages the shoulder I83 of the dog I41, carrying the dog outwardly against the pressure of the spring I82, while the cam 512 engages beneath the pin 254 of the dog I45 to lift the same out of the notch I44, and the pin I85 engaging the cam surface I13cams the dog I41 into the notch I48, whereupon backward movement of the dog I41 under the influence of the spring I82 reverses the pos ion of the oscillating member I43 and of the valve member I38, whereupon the initial position of the valve member I38 is restored. By this arrangement it is apparent that on the forward stroke of the reciprocating carriage, the speed may be increased, or decreased, progressively, through operation of the control valve mechanism I35, while the dogs I45 and I41, and exhaust mechanism, bring about the reverse movements of the carriage 39, it being pointed out that an important feature of the invention resides in obtaining a relatively slow forward stroke during which time the flame from the torch nozzle travels slowly over the surface to be treated, but at the end of such travel is quickly restored to initial position to eliminate any necessity for extinguishing the flame in treating successive parts of a piece of work.

In presenting the work to be operated upon, for example a beveled gear, as shown in Figure 27, the beveled gear is fixed upon a suitable stub shaft which is clamped within the jaws 2I3 of the chuck 2I2, and with the pedestal I94 moved to a position longitudinally in line with the movement of the carriage 39, and of the torches 89, the chuck support is tilted through manipulation of the crank 208, to present the teeth of the beveled gear to be hardened in a plane parallel to the plane of movement of the-torches 89, the conical head 223 of the holder being engaged between the teeth of the gear to prevent accidental rotation. The nozzles of the torches 89 are then placed one on each side of the tooth, adjustment of the nozzles vertically being permitted by manipulation of the set screw 19, and laterally by relative rotation between the discs 83 and the torch carrying discs 84. The guide arm 98 may be detached, and the guide means a may be attached so that the finger 95b is disposed to bear against the forwardly diverging surface of the beveled gear tooth, whereupon forward reciprocation of the carriage 39 causes the torches 89 to play a flame upon the selected tooth of the gear, the metal of the tooth being quenched by the following cooling fluid, the guide means 95a riding upon the diverging surface of the gear tooth treated, causing rotation of one disc 84, and through the spring 88 reverse rotation of the other disc 84, causing the nozzles 90 to spread and maintain proper distance from the surface treated throughout the forward movement, and when the carriage reaches the end of the tooth, through operation of the reversing mechanism heretofore described, the torches 89 are rapidly drawn rearwardly, and the spring 81 will restore the discs 83 and nozzles 90 to initial position, whereupon the beveled gear may be rotated to present the next tooth.v

as the torches 89 reach the greater cross-sectiona1 thickness of the tooth, the torches when reaching the end of the tooth being rapidly retracted by the carriage 39, as before explained. The pyrometer 91 is employed whenever desirable to visually indicate the degree of heat present during the operation.

In operating upon a spur gear, shown in Figure 24, for instance, the auxiliary holder 239 is employed in connection with the main work supporting means I93. In this application the work supporting means I93 are shifted transversely along the track members I96 by rotation of the pinion 280 engaging the rack I99 of the pedestal I94, and is shifted to such an extent as to lie longitudinally in line with the auxiliary holding means 239. The chuck support 202 is placed in a. horizontal position through manipulation of the crank 206. The slide 232 of the auxiliary holding means is advanced by manipulation of the pinion 235 which engages the rack 234 attached to the slide 232. The jaws 2I3 of the chuck 2I2 and the jaws 243 of the chuck 242 are then adjusted so as to be inserted into the hub of the gear. Of course when the work supporting means I93 and the auxiliary holding means 230 are lined up in this manner they are at one side of the reciprocating carriage 39 and the torches 89. To bring the torches 89 to proper position (Figures 6, '1, 8, and 9) the stand 60 is swung over toward the work through manipulation of the worm 61 engaging the worm gear 63, and the slide 69 is moved along the stand 60 the desired distance until the torches 89 overlie the teeth of the work, after which additional adjustments may be made by shifting the supporting member 12, the discs 84, and the set screw 19, after which the operation as heretofore described can be carried out,

When working upon a relatively small helical gear, for example (Figures 25 and 26) the work supporting means I93 may be shifted in the manner heretofore described to bring the cradles 226 and 229 longitudinally in line, and the helical gear is mounted upon a relatively long shaft, the ends of which are supported in these cradles. In this case the stand 60 and torches 89 are adjusted as before to overlie the teeth of the gear, and the guide finger 98 is clamped in position and disposed between the teeth of the gear so that as the carriage moves in a rectilineal direction the helical gear will be rotated by the guide finger to present the tooth or rib of the gear along a rectilineal path as will be understood. In case a hypoid gear is treated both the guide means 98 and the guide means a are employed, the first to cause the curved hypoid tooth to be presented along a rectilineal path, by rotation of the gear, and the guide means 95a to cause spreading of the torches 89 and nozzles 99 as the gear tooth diverges rearwardly.

By reason of the wide latitude of adjustments, almost any type of gear may be operated upon, and it will be understood that other types of gears may readily be handled by employment of the means herein described.

A different embodiment of work holding means is disclosed in Figures 30 and 31. In this embodiment a shiftable pedestal 245 is provided, mounted to slide substantially in the same manner as the work supporting pedestal I94. At its upper end the pedestal has iurcations 246 in which is mounted a shaft 241 carrying a drum 248, the shaft having a ratchet wheel 249 thereon with which engages a spring pressed tooth 250, the construction being such that as the crank 25I on the shaft 241 is rotated, the drum will be advanced one step at a time so as to present each successive piece of work in position to be operated upon by the torches 99. The work, which may be of any character it is desired to harden, may be secured in circumferentially spaced relation along the face of the drum, being indicated at 252, and held in position by any suitable clamping means indicated at 293. In operation the torches will be played along the work 252, then reversed, the drum 248 advanced in position, and so on, new pieces of work being secured on the drum, and the treated pieces removed in a continuous operation.

The method herein contemplated comprises advancing a flame with following quenching provisions over a piece of metal to be hardened, as by the reciprocation of the carriage 39 and torches 89 above referred to, and wherein the flame is reversed in its travel at a more rapid rate than its advance, as by the hydraulic provisions heretofore described in detail, and wherein the advance of the hardening flame and quenching provisions is controlled in accordance with the cross-sectional thickness of the work operated upon, as by the provision of control means best shown in Figure 20.

Additionally the method contemplates relative adjustment of the work holders and reciprocating torches to accommodate a wide variety of different types of work, all as heretofore described in detail.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that I have accomplished at least the principal object of my invention, and it also will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments herein described may be variously changed and modified, without departing from the spirit of the invention, and that the invention is capable of uses and has advantages not herein specifically described; hence it will be appreciated that the herein disclosed embodiments are illustrative only, and that my invention is not limited thereto.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for heat treating the teeth of a bevel gear, comprising: a reciprocable carriage; heat treating means, supported by said carriage, and adapted to traverse a gear tooth during reciprocation of said carriage; means, supporting the gear, so constructed and arranged that a gear tooth is in alignment with the movement of said heat treating means; said heat treating means comprising a pair of torches constructed and arranged to move toward and away with respect to each other, each of said torches having a burner portion adapted to be positioned in desired spaced relation with a respective one of the opposite surfaces of the gear tooth; and means, including a finger portion directly and slidably engaging one of the opposite surfaces of the tooth being treated during reciprocation of said carriage, said means being so constructed and arranged to simultaneously move both torches toward or away from each other, depending upon the varying dimension between the tooth surfaces, so as to maintain said burner portions in desired spaced relation with respect to the respective tooth surfaces.

2. Apparatus for heat treating the teeth of a I bevel gear, comprising: a reciprocable carriage; heat treating means, supported by said carriage, and adapted to traverse a gear tooth during reciprocation of said carriage; means, supporting the gear, so constructed and arranged that a gear tooth is in alignment with the movement of said heat treating means; said heat treating means comprising a pair of rotatably mounted disks, and torches respectively carried by said disks, each of said torches having a burner portion adapted to be positioned in desired spaced relation with a respective one of the opposite surfaces of the gear tooth; band means, connecting said disks, and so constructed and arranged that rotation of one disk in one direction causes corresponding rotation of the other disk in the opposite direction; means biasing said disks in certain opposite directions so that said burner portions are biased toward each other; and finger means, connected to one of said disks, so constructed and arranged that it is adapted to directly and slidably engage one of the opposite surfaces of the tooth being treated, and that movement of said carriage causes it to be moved transversely to its sliding engagement by reason of the varying thickness of the tooth to effect rotation of said one of said disks a proportionate amount and maintain said burner portions in desired spaced relation with respect to said tooth surfaces.

3. Heat treating apparatus, comprising: work supporting means; a carriage, reciprocable with respect to said work supporting means; guide means so constructed and arranged that it is swingable, about an axis in the general direction of reciprocation of said carriage; slide means, carried by said guide means, so constructed and arranged that it is slidable with respect to said guide means in a direction transverse to said axis; bracket means, carried by said slide means, constructed and arranged to swing about an axis disposed in the general direction of reciprocation of said carriage, said bracket means having a shaft the axis of which is transverse to the guide means axis; heat treating means, carried by said bracket means shaft and swingable about this shaft, said heat treating means being constructed and arranged to traverse the work carried by said work supporting means during reciprocation of said carriage; and means effecting adjustment of said heat treating means about said bracket shaft.

4. Heat treating apparatus, comprising: work supporting means; a carriage, reciprocable with respect to said work supporting means; a rotatable shaft, carried by said carriage, the axis of said shaft being generally parallel to the reciprocation of said carriage; guide means fixed to said shaft, and rotatable with said shaft; slide means, carried by said guide means, so constructed and arranged that it is slidable with respect to said guide means in a direction transverse to the axis of said shaft; bracket means, carried by said slide means, and having a shaft the axis of which is transverse to the axis of the shaft carried by said carriage; and heat treating means, swingable about said bracket means shaft, and including means for effecting adjustment of said heat treating means to a desired position about said bracket means shaft, said heat treating means being constructed and arranged to traverse the work carried by said work supporting means during reciprocation of said carriage.

5. Heat treating apparatus, comprising: work supporting means; a reciprocable carriage; actuating means, constructed and arranged to reciprocate said carriage; heat treating means, movable with said carriage, constructed and arranged to heat treat the work supported by said work supporting means; control means, connected to said actuating means, constructed and arranged to change said actuating means, so as to change the speed of movement of said carriage; lever means, having an operating connection with said control means, and having an arm movable transversely with respect to the line of movement of said carriage; traversing means, movable in unison with said carriage, constructed and arranged to traverse said arm; and means for positioning said arm either angularly or in parallelism with respect to the line of movement of said carriage, said arm when in angular position moving toward parallel position in response to traversing movement of said traversing means, thereby efiecting movement of said control means and controlling the speed of movement of said carriage.

6. Heat treating apparatus, comprising: work supporting means; base means, a carriage mounted on said base means for reciprocatory movement; actuating means, constructed and arranged to reciprocate said carriage; heat treating means, movable with said carriage, constructed and arranged to heattreat the work supported by said work supporting means; control means, carried by said base means and connected to said actuating means, constructed and arranged to change the actuating force transmitted to said carriage, so as to change the speed of movement of said carriage; lever means, having an operating connection with said control means, and having an arm movable transversely with respect to the line of movement of said carriage; traversing means, movable in unison with said carriage, constructed and arranged to traverse said arm; means biasing said arm to engagement with said traversing means; slide means, providing the pivot for said lever means, and constructed and arranged to slide along ways carried by said base means, in a direction transverse to the movement of said carriage, the lever means pivot being offset with respect to the place of engagement of said traversing means with said arm, so that movement of said slide means causes said lever means to swing about its pivot and also about the point of engagement of said traversingmeans with said arm, so as to position said arm either angularly or in parallelism with respect to the line of movement of said carriage, said arm when in angular position moving toward parallel position in response to traversing movement of said traversin means, thereby effecting movement of said control means and controlling the speed of movement of said carriage.

'7. Heat treating apparatus, comprising: work supporting means; base means; a carriage reciprocably mounted on said base means; hydraulic actuating means, constructed and arranged to reciprocate said carriage; heat treating means, movable with said carriage, constructed and arranged to heat treat the work supported by said work supporting means; valve means, connected to said actuating means, constructed and arranged to change the actuating force transmitted to said carriage, so as .to change the speed of movement of said carriage, said valve means comprising an extensible-retractable operating rod spring-pressed to extended position; bell-crank lever means, having one arm engaging said operating rod and having its other arm movable transversely with respect to the line of movement of said carriage; traversing means, movable in unison with said carriage, constructed and arranged to traverse said other arm, the spring as- 

